Ποιος παντρεύτηκε το L. Ron Hubbard;

Lafayette Ronald Hubbard, dit L. Ron Hubbard, né le 13 mars 1911 à Tilden dans le Nebraska et mort le 24 janvier 1986 à Creston en Californie, est une personnalité américaine, fondateur de la scientologie, dont la précédente carrière était celle d'auteur de science-fiction.

Il est surtout connu pour avoir élaboré, en 1950, avec l'aide de sa femme Sara Northrup, la dianétique, pseudo-science qu'il décrit comme une technique de développement personnel, et finalement comme fondateur de la secte « scientologie ». Il la déclare comme une religion en décembre 1953, date à laquelle la première Église de scientologie est fondée. Il supervise ensuite la croissance de ce qui devient une organisation mondiale, avant de revenir à l'écriture de science-fiction à la fin de sa vie.

Lorsque la scientologie est mise en cause dans les années 1970, il est condamné par contumace à quatre ans de prison ferme pour escroquerie en France. Aux États-Unis, s'étant à cette époque retiré de la direction de l'organisation, il n'est pas poursuivi lors de l'affaire d'espionnage Snow White, dans laquelle sa dernière épouse et d'autres dirigeants scientologues sont condamnés.

Margaret Louise "Polly" Grubb (September 22, 1907 – November 17, 1963) was the first wife of pulp fiction author and Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard, to whom she was married between 1933 and 1947. She was the mother of Hubbard's first son, L. Ron Hubbard Jr., and his first daughter, Katherine May "Kay" Hubbard.

Sara Elizabeth Bruce Northrup Hollister (April 8, 1924 – December 19, 1997) was an American occultist and second wife of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard. She played a major role in the creation of Dianetics, which evolved into the religious movement Scientology. Hubbard would evolve into the leader of the Church of Scientology.

Northrup was a figure in the Pasadena branch of Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.), a secret society led by the English occultist Aleister Crowley, where she was known as "Soror [Sister] Cassap". She joined as a teenager along with her older sister Helen. From 1941 to 1945 she had a turbulent relationship with her sister's husband John Whiteside Parsons, a pioneer in solid-fuel rocketry and head of the Pasadena O.T.O. Although she was a committed and popular member, she acquired a reputation for disruptiveness that prompted Crowley to denounce her as a "vampire." She began a relationship with L. Ron Hubbard, whom she met through O.T.O., in 1945. She and Hubbard eloped, taking with them a substantial amount of Parsons' life savings and marrying bigamously a year later while Hubbard was still married to his first wife, Margaret Grubb.

Northrup played a significant role in the development of Dianetics, Hubbard's "modern science of mental health", between 1948 and 1951. She was Hubbard's personal auditor and along with Hubbard, one of the seven members of the Dianetics Foundation's Board of Directors. However, their marriage was deeply troubled; Hubbard was responsible for a prolonged campaign of domestic violence against her and kidnapped both her and her infant daughter. Hubbard spread allegations that she was a Communist secret agent and repeatedly denounced her to the FBI. The FBI declined to take any action, characterizing Hubbard as a "mental case". The marriage ended in 1951 and prompted lurid headlines in the Los Angeles newspapers. She subsequently married one of Hubbard's former employees, Miles Hollister, and moved to Hawaii and later Massachusetts, where she died in 1997.

Mary Sue Hubbard (née Whipp; June 17, 1931 – November 25, 2002) was the third wife of L. Ron Hubbard, from 1952 until his death in 1986. She was a leading figure in Scientology for much of her life. The Hubbards had four children: Diana (born 1952), Quentin (1954–1976), Suzette (born 1955), and Arthur (born 1958).

She became involved in Hubbard's Dianetics in 1951, while still a student at the University of Texas at Austin, becoming a Dianetics auditor. She soon became involved in a relationship with Hubbard and married him in March 1952. She accompanied her husband to Phoenix, Arizona, where they established the Hubbard Association of Scientologists – the forerunner of the Church of Scientology, which was itself founded in 1953. She was credited with helping to coin the word "Scientology", going on to play a leading role in the management of the Church of Scientology and rising to become the head of the Church's Guardian's Office (GO). In August 1978, she was indicted by the United States government on charges of conspiracy relating to illegal covert operations mounted by the Guardian's Office against government agencies. She was convicted in December 1979 and was sentenced to five years' imprisonment and the payment of a $10,000 fine. She was forced to resign her post in 1981 and served a year in prison in 1983, after exhausting her appeals against her conviction.

In the late 1990s, Hubbard fell ill with breast cancer and died in 2002.