Ποιος παντρεύτηκε το Ισαβέλλα Μαρία της Πάρμας;

Η Ισαβέλλα της Πάρμας (Isabella, 31 Δεκεμβρίου του 1741 - 27 Νοεμβρίου του 1763) ήταν η κόρη του Φιλίππου της Ισπανίας, Δούκα της Πάρμας και της συζύγου του Λουίζας Ελισάβετ της Γαλλίας. Στα 18, η Ισαβέλλα παντρεύτηκε τον Αρχιδούκα Ιωσήφ της Αυστρίας, αργότερα Ιωσήφ Β΄, με τον οποίο δεν ήταν ευτυχισμένη, αναπτύσσοντας στενή σχέση με την αδελφή του συζύγου της, τη Μαρία Χριστίνα. Η δύσκολη γέννηση της κόρης της, Αρχιδούκισσας Μαρίας Θηρεσίας, ακολουθούμενη από δύο αποβολές, επηρέασε την ψυχική της κατάσταση και πέθανε σύντομα μετά τον τοκετό μιας άλλης θνησιγενούς κόρης.

Joseph II (13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Leopold II, Maria Carolina of Austria, and Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine.

Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism like his brother Leopold II; however, his commitment to secularizing, liberalizing and modernizing reforms resulted in significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. Meanwhile, despite making some territorial gains, his reckless foreign policy badly isolated Austria. He has been ranked with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. False but influential letters depict him as a somewhat more radical philosophe than he probably was. His policies are now known as Josephinism. He was a supporter of the arts, particularly of composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. He died with no known surviving legitimate offspring and was succeeded by his younger brother Leopold II.